mitochondrial DNA / міто-ДНК / мито-ДНК

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mitochondrial DNA / міто-ДНК / мито-ДНК

Повідомлення kbg_dnepr »

More than a third of the European pool of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is fragmented into a number of subclades of haplogroup (hg) H, the most frequent hg throughout western Eurasia.
While there has been considerable recent progress in studying mitochondrial genome variation in Europe at the complete sequence resolution, little data of comparable resolution is so far available for regions like the Caucasus and the Near and Middle East – areas where most of European genetic lineages, including hg H, have likely emerged. This gap in our knowledge causes a serious hindrance for progress in understanding the demographic pre-history of Europe and western Eurasia in general.
Here we describe the phylogeography of hg H in the populations of the Near East and the Caucasus. We have analyzed 545 samples of hg H at high resolution, including 15 novel complete mtDNA sequences.
As in Europe, most of the present-day Near Eastern – Caucasus area variants of hgH started to expand after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and presumably before the Holocene. Yet importantly, several hg H sub-clades in Near East and Southern Caucasus region coalesce to the pre-LGM period. Furthermore, irrespective of their common origin, significant differences between the distribution of hg H sub-hgs in Europe and in the Near East and South Caucasus imply limited post-LGM maternal gene flow between these regions. In a contrast, the North Caucasus mitochondrial gene pool has received an influx of hg H variants, arriving from the Pontocaspian/East European area.
https://www.academia.edu/3844144/Origin ... view-paper
Востаннє редагувалось 06 березня 2021, 08:47 користувачем kbg_dnepr, всього редагувалось 3 разів.
Катерина
Глушак (Брянськ.) Ковальов Федосенко mt H5a (Могилевськ.)
Оглотков I2a2b (Горбат. п. НГГ) Алькін Душин Жарков Кульдішов mt U5a1 Баландін (Симб. губ.)
Клишкін R1a1a Власенко Сакунов Кучерявенко (Глухів)
Кириченко Бондаренко Білоус Страшний mt T2a1 (Новомоск. Дніпроп.)
#генеалогия #генеалогія #пошукпредків #поискпредков #ahnenforschung #ukrainianancestry #родовід #родословная
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Re: mtH / міто-гаплогрупа H / мито-гаплогруппа H

Повідомлення kbg_dnepr »

Продовження

The Levantine part of the Near East was the area which was colonized foremost, though likely only episodically, about 100,000 YBP (years before present) (Shea 2003). Based ongenetic data it has been suggested that the earliest phase of the long-lasting settlement of Eurasia by AMH (Anatomically Modern Human) started 60,000-70,000 YBP and proceeded alongside the southern coast of the super-continent, probably crossing first the Red Sea around Bab-el-Mandeb, continuing to India and further East (Cavalli-Sforza, Menozzi and Piazza 1994, Lahr and Foley 1994,Quintana-Murci et al. 1999, Kivisild et al. 2003a, Forster 2004, Kivisild et al. 2004, Metspaluet al. 2004, Macaulay et al. 2005, Thangaraj et al. 2005, Sun et al. 2006). According to the newest interpretation of the C14 calibration data, Europe was populated around 41,000-46,000 YBP, likely after some hiatus since the “opening” of the southern route (Mellars2006).
Катерина
Глушак (Брянськ.) Ковальов Федосенко mt H5a (Могилевськ.)
Оглотков I2a2b (Горбат. п. НГГ) Алькін Душин Жарков Кульдішов mt U5a1 Баландін (Симб. губ.)
Клишкін R1a1a Власенко Сакунов Кучерявенко (Глухів)
Кириченко Бондаренко Білоус Страшний mt T2a1 (Новомоск. Дніпроп.)
#генеалогия #генеалогія #пошукпредків #поискпредков #ahnenforschung #ukrainianancestry #родовід #родословная
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Re: mtH / міто-гаплогрупа H / мито-гаплогруппа H

Повідомлення kbg_dnepr »

Продовження

... hg H originated in the Near and Middle East ...

A number of subclades of hg H reach their highest frequency among the western Caucasus populations (Figs. 1, 3). The most frequent of them is H5*, which forms over 20% of hg H gene pool in Karatchaians-Balkarians and Georgians – in people living in the immediate vicinity of the two sides of the High Caucasus. These numbers are considerably higher from the estimates in Europe or Central Asia, which vary from a total absence in Volga-Uralic Finno-Ugrians and Central Asian populations to 8% in Slovaks and French (Loogväli et al.2004). At the same time its subcluster, H5a, which represented 10% of hg H mtDNAs in the Balkans, is present in the Caucasus and the Near Eastern populations at a very low frequency.

The peopling of Europe by AMH probably started more than 40,000 YBP (Mellars 2006),with the first evidence in the Lower Danube Basin (Churchill and Smith 2000, Conard andBolus 2003), suggesting the Near East - Anatolia as a likely route for these pioneer hunter-gatherers to Europe. The present-day variation of hg H suggests that this mtDNA clade aroseoutside Europe before the LGM.

It is likely that the subclades of hg H that are common today, some of which beingassociated with post-LGM re-occupation, were already frequent before the LGM, decreasingthe probability of their extinction.

A global climate model, based on solar output, has revealed that a significant warming of Earth climate occurred between 33,000 to 26,000 YBP (Perry and Hsu 2000). Independently, more humid conditions in the Near East and Greece before the LGM (31,000-25,000 YBP) have been deduced from geological and pollen data analysis. These estimates overlap with the coalescence dates calculated here for the oldest subclades of hg H. We assume, therefore, that the first expansion wave of hg H may have taken place during this favorable timeframe, probably in the northern part of the Near East and the southern Caucasus, where the oldest clades of hg H appear to be more diverse until now. It has been shown that the Upper Paleolithic archaeological culture was present in the South Caucasus more than 30,000 YBP, well before the LGM (Adler et al. 2006), giving support for our estimates of past population expansions in this region.

... it appears that after the initial migration of the carriers of hg H into Europe, presumably already before or during the Gravettian period, there was little subsequent admixture of the West Asian and European hg H lineages.

As for Europe, a number of frequency/diversity clines in the Near East and the Caucasuscould be associated with the postglacial population expansion phase. This can be partiallyascribed, as in Europe, to the (re)colonization of areas which were unsuitable for humanoccupation during the LGM due to aridity and lower temperatures.
Катерина
Глушак (Брянськ.) Ковальов Федосенко mt H5a (Могилевськ.)
Оглотков I2a2b (Горбат. п. НГГ) Алькін Душин Жарков Кульдішов mt U5a1 Баландін (Симб. губ.)
Клишкін R1a1a Власенко Сакунов Кучерявенко (Глухів)
Кириченко Бондаренко Білоус Страшний mt T2a1 (Новомоск. Дніпроп.)
#генеалогия #генеалогія #пошукпредків #поискпредков #ahnenforschung #ukrainianancestry #родовід #родословная
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Re: mtH / міто-гаплогрупа H / мито-гаплогруппа H

Повідомлення kbg_dnepr »

Olivieri A, Pala M, Gandini F, Kashani BH, Perego UA, et al. (2013)
Mitogenomes from Two Uncommon Haplogroups Mark Late Glacial/PostglacialExpansions from the Near East and Neolithic Dispersals within Europe.
PLoS ONE 8(7): e70492. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0070492

Our resultsshowed that haplogroups I (within N1a1b) and W originated in the Near East during the Last Glacial Maximum or pre-warming period (the period of gradual warming between the end of the LGM, 19 ky ago, and the beginning of the firstmain warming phase, 15 ky ago) and, like the much more common haplogroups J and T, may have been involved in LateGlacial expansions starting from the Near East. Thus our data contribute to a better definition of the Late and postglacial re-peopling of Europe, providing further evidence for the scenario that major population expansions started after the LastGlacial Maximum but before Neolithic times, but also evidencing traces of diffusion events in several I and W subcladesdating to the European Neolithic and restricted to Europe.

https://www.academia.edu/13834876/Mitog ... view-paper
Катерина
Глушак (Брянськ.) Ковальов Федосенко mt H5a (Могилевськ.)
Оглотков I2a2b (Горбат. п. НГГ) Алькін Душин Жарков Кульдішов mt U5a1 Баландін (Симб. губ.)
Клишкін R1a1a Власенко Сакунов Кучерявенко (Глухів)
Кириченко Бондаренко Білоус Страшний mt T2a1 (Новомоск. Дніпроп.)
#генеалогия #генеалогія #пошукпредків #поискпредков #ahnenforschung #ukrainianancestry #родовід #родословная
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Re: mitochondrial DNA / міто-ДНК / мито-ДНК

Повідомлення kbg_dnepr »

Origins and history of Haplogroup K (mtDNA)
Maciamo Hay
Originally published in January 2014. Last revised in September 2016

Haplogroup K originated in West Asia as a subclade of haplogroup U8b some time between 20,000 and 38,000 years ago. Based on ancient DNA tests, haplogroup K appears to have been absent among the Western Hunter-Gatherers (WHG) who occupied western and central Europe before the Neolithic period. The K1a, K1b and K2a subclades were found among Early Neolithic farmers (ENF) from the Near East, and subsequently among Early European farmers (EEF).
In contrast, the K1c, K2b and K2c subclades never been found among Neolithic farmers to date and do not appear to have Near Eastern roots. They are most common in eastern Europe today, where have originated during the Mesolithic, among Eastern Hunter-Gatherers (EHG), and would have spread with Y-haplogroup R1a during the Bronze Age to Germanic countries and Central Asia, where they are also found at relatively high frequencies. K1c was found in two Mesolithic Greeksamples (c. 7550 BCE and 7000 BCE) from Thessaly tested by Hofmanová et al. (2015).
The K3 subclade is pretty much restricted to the Caucasus and was already present in Mesolithic Georgia (see Gonzalez-Fortes et al. (2015)).

https://www.academia.edu/6031781/Origin ... view-paper
Катерина
Глушак (Брянськ.) Ковальов Федосенко mt H5a (Могилевськ.)
Оглотков I2a2b (Горбат. п. НГГ) Алькін Душин Жарков Кульдішов mt U5a1 Баландін (Симб. губ.)
Клишкін R1a1a Власенко Сакунов Кучерявенко (Глухів)
Кириченко Бондаренко Білоус Страшний mt T2a1 (Новомоск. Дніпроп.)
#генеалогия #генеалогія #пошукпредків #поискпредков #ahnenforschung #ukrainianancestry #родовід #родословная
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Re: mitochondrial DNA / міто-ДНК / мито-ДНК

Повідомлення kbg_dnepr »

Закрита група на ФБ по міто-ДНК

Навіть якщо не вступати в групу, можна побачити чудову карту поширення мГГ
Катерина
Глушак (Брянськ.) Ковальов Федосенко mt H5a (Могилевськ.)
Оглотков I2a2b (Горбат. п. НГГ) Алькін Душин Жарков Кульдішов mt U5a1 Баландін (Симб. губ.)
Клишкін R1a1a Власенко Сакунов Кучерявенко (Глухів)
Кириченко Бондаренко Білоус Страшний mt T2a1 (Новомоск. Дніпроп.)
#генеалогия #генеалогія #пошукпредків #поискпредков #ahnenforschung #ukrainianancestry #родовід #родословная
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Re: mitochondrial DNA / міто-ДНК / мито-ДНК

Повідомлення kbg_dnepr »

The History of Slavs Inferred from CompleteMitochondrial Genome Sequences
Marta Mielnik-Sikorska, Patrycja Daca, Boris Malyarchuk, Miroslava Derenko, Katarzyna Skonieczna, Maria Perkova, Tadeusz Dobosz, Tomasz Grzybowski

To shed more light on the processes leading to crystallization of a Slavic identity, we investigated variability of complete mitochondrial genomes belonging to haplogroups H5 and H6 (63 mtDNA genomes) from the populations of Eastern and Western Slavs, including new samples of Poles, Ukrainians and Czechs presented here. Molecular dating implies formation of H5 approximately 11.5–16 thousand years ago (kya) in the areas of southern Europe. Within ancient haplogroup H6, datedat around 15–28 kya, there is a subhaplogroup H6c, which probably survived the last glaciation in Europe and has undergone expansion only 3–4 kya, together with the ancestors of some European groups, including the Slavs, because H6c has been detected in Czechs, Poles and Slovaks. Detailed analysis of complete mtDNAs allowed us to identify a number of lineages that seem specific for Central and Eastern Europe (H5a1f, H5a2, H5a1r, H5a1s, H5b4, H5e1a, H5u1, some subbranches of H5a1a and H6a1a9). Some of them could possibly be traced back to at least 4 kya, which indicates that some of the ancestors of today’s Slavs (Poles, Czechs, Slovaks, Ukrainians and Russians) inhabited areas of Central and Eastern Europe much earlier than it was estimated on the basis of archaeological and historical data. We also sequenced entire mitochondrial genomes of several non-European lineages (A, C, D, G, L) found in contemporary populations of Poland and Ukraine. The analysis of these haplogroups confirms the presence of Siberian (C5c1, A8a1) and Ashkenazi-specific (L2a1l2a) mtDNA lineages in Slavic populations. Moreover, we were able to pinpoint some lineages which could possibly reflect the relatively recent contacts of Slavs with nomadic Altaic peoples (C4a1a, G2a, D5a2a1a1).

https://www.academia.edu/25355845/The_H ... view-paper
Катерина
Глушак (Брянськ.) Ковальов Федосенко mt H5a (Могилевськ.)
Оглотков I2a2b (Горбат. п. НГГ) Алькін Душин Жарков Кульдішов mt U5a1 Баландін (Симб. губ.)
Клишкін R1a1a Власенко Сакунов Кучерявенко (Глухів)
Кириченко Бондаренко Білоус Страшний mt T2a1 (Новомоск. Дніпроп.)
#генеалогия #генеалогія #пошукпредків #поискпредков #ahnenforschung #ukrainianancestry #родовід #родословная
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Re: mitochondrial DNA / міто-ДНК / мито-ДНК

Повідомлення kbg_dnepr »

Дуже стара стаття (2008)

Mitochondrial DNA Phylogeny in Eastern and Western Slavs

B. Malyarchuk, T. Grzybowski, M. Derenko, M. Perkova, T. Vanecek, J. Lazur, P. Gomolcak, and I. Tsybovsky

To resolve the phylogeny of certain mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups in eastern Europe and estimate their evolutionary age, a total of 73 samples representing mitochondrial haplogroups U4, HV*, and R1 were selected for complete mitochondrial genome sequencing from a collection of about 2,000 control region sequences sampled in eastern (Russians, Belorussians, and Ukrainians) and western (Poles, Czechs, and Slovaks) Slavs. On the basis of whole-genome resolution, we fully characterized a number of haplogroups (HV3, HV4, U4a1, U4a2, U4a3, U4b, U4c, U4d, andR1a) that were previously described only partially. Our findings demonstrate that haplogroups HV3, HV4, and U4a1could be traced back to the pre-Neolithic times (12,000–19,000 years before present [YBP]) in eastern Europe. In addition, an ancient connection between the Caucasus/Europe and India has been revealed by analysis of haplogroup R1diversity, with a split between the Indian and Caucasus/European R1a lineages occurring about 16,500 years ago. Meanwhile, some mtDNA subgroups detected in Slavs (such as U4a2a, U4a2*, HV3a, and R1a1) are definitely younger being dated between 6,400 and 8,200 YBP. However, robust age estimations appear to be problematic due to the highratios of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitutions found in young mtDNA subclusters.

https://www.academia.edu/34162451/Mitoc ... view-paper
Катерина
Глушак (Брянськ.) Ковальов Федосенко mt H5a (Могилевськ.)
Оглотков I2a2b (Горбат. п. НГГ) Алькін Душин Жарков Кульдішов mt U5a1 Баландін (Симб. губ.)
Клишкін R1a1a Власенко Сакунов Кучерявенко (Глухів)
Кириченко Бондаренко Білоус Страшний mt T2a1 (Новомоск. Дніпроп.)
#генеалогия #генеалогія #пошукпредків #поискпредков #ahnenforschung #ukrainianancestry #родовід #родословная
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Re: mitochondrial DNA / міто-ДНК / мито-ДНК

Повідомлення kbg_dnepr »

Я, здається, є прямою нащадкинею (???) кроманьонців (тобто кроманьонок) ...

Origins and history of Haplogroup U5 (mtDNA) 2014
Maciamo Hay

The age of haplogroup U5 is uncertain at present. It could have arisen as recently as 35,000 years ago, or as early as 50,000 years ago. U5 appear to have been a major maternal lineage among the Paleolithic European hunter-gatherers (known as Cro-Magnons), and even the dominant lineage during the European Mesolithic. In two papers published two months apart, Posth et al. 2016 and Fu et al. 2016 reported the resultts of over 70 complete human mitochondrial genomes ranging from 45,000 to 7,000 years ago. The oldest U5 samples all dated from the Gravettian culture (c. 32,000 to 22,000 years before present), while the older Aurignacian samples belonged to mt-haplogroups M, N, R* and U2. Among the 16 Gravettian samples that yieled reliable results, six belonged to U5 - the others belonging mostly to U2, as well as isolated samples of M, U* and U8c. Two Italian Epigravettian samples, one from the Paglicci Cave in Apulia (18,500 ybp), and another one from Villabruna in Veneto (14,000 ybp), belonged to U5b2b, as did two slightly more recent Epipaleolithic samples from the Rhônevalley in France.
U5b1 samples were found in Epipalaeolithic Germany, Switzerland (U5b1h in the Grotte du Bichon) and France. More 80% of the numerous Mesolithic European mtDNA tested to date belonged to various subclades of U5. Overall, it appears that U5 arrived in Europe with the Gravettian tool makers, and that it particularly prospered from the end of the glacial period (from 11,700 years ago) until the arrival of Neolithic farmers from the Near East (between 8,500 and 6,000 years ago).

https://www.academia.edu/6212881/Origin ... view-paper
Катерина
Глушак (Брянськ.) Ковальов Федосенко mt H5a (Могилевськ.)
Оглотков I2a2b (Горбат. п. НГГ) Алькін Душин Жарков Кульдішов mt U5a1 Баландін (Симб. губ.)
Клишкін R1a1a Власенко Сакунов Кучерявенко (Глухів)
Кириченко Бондаренко Білоус Страшний mt T2a1 (Новомоск. Дніпроп.)
#генеалогия #генеалогія #пошукпредків #поискпредков #ahnenforschung #ukrainianancestry #родовід #родословная
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Re: mitochondrial DNA / міто-ДНК / мито-ДНК

Повідомлення kbg_dnepr »

Ancient DNA studies of human evolution. Adler. 2012. PhD thesis
Mohd Tajuddin Abdullah

... the Bell Beakers were probably not the only culture to have brought haplogroup H from the West into Central Europe, as there may have been multiple expansions of the H lineage from the Iberian Peninsula. To determine why haplogroup H is dominant in Central Europe today, it would be necessary to analyse ancient DNA from Neolithic human remains distributed from the Iberian Peninsula to Central Europe. If haplogroup H did expand from Western Europe during the Neolithic, higher frequencies of the H lineage would be expected earlier in the Neolithic in the West compared to in Central Europe. This proposition has been supported by ancient DNA analysis of middle Neolithic (3500 – 3000 BC) remains from Spain (n=11) that were found to have a high frequency of haplogroup H at 36% (Sampietro et al. 2007)

The presence of haplogroup U amongst the Late Neolithic/Early Bronze Age cultures may also represent the re-expansion of a Palaeolithic lineage into Central Europe. As previously discussed, haplogroup U, in particular subhaplogroup U5, has been suggested to be a marker of Mesolithic hunter-gatherer populations, being found frequently in both Central (Bramantiet al. 2009) and Northern European (Malmstrom et al. 2009), post-LGM hunter-gatherer remains, at 63% and 32%, respectively. Subhaplogroup U5 is thought to have originated in Europe, being found almost exclusively on the continent (Thomas et al. 2002; Achilli et al.2005; Soares et al. 2010), and is estimated to have diverged sometime between 37 (Soares etal. 2010) and 41 (Achilli et al. 2005) thousand years before present from the analysis of whole mtDNA genomes in a wide range of European populations. While the U5 mtDNA lineage was virtually absent amongst the Early Neolithic, LBK and Rössen cultures (recorded at afrequency of only 1.7%), it was observed in the Late Neolithic/Early Bronze Age cultures, Corded Ware and Unetice, at a frequency of 18% and 29%, respectively (Table 2). The re-emergence of subhaplogroup U5 during the Late Neolithic/Early Bronze Age in CentralEurope, which is particularly associated with the Corded Ware and Unetice cultures, may reflect the Mesolithic origins of these cultures. However, determining where the Mesolithic ancestors of these cultures arose is difficult. The Corded Ware and Unetice cultures may be the descendants of Mesolithic hunter-gatherers from Eastern Europe and are hypothesised to be descendants of the Kurgan culture which was present in the Eastern Steppe.

https://www.academia.edu/3306830/Ancien ... view-paper
Катерина
Глушак (Брянськ.) Ковальов Федосенко mt H5a (Могилевськ.)
Оглотков I2a2b (Горбат. п. НГГ) Алькін Душин Жарков Кульдішов mt U5a1 Баландін (Симб. губ.)
Клишкін R1a1a Власенко Сакунов Кучерявенко (Глухів)
Кириченко Бондаренко Білоус Страшний mt T2a1 (Новомоск. Дніпроп.)
#генеалогия #генеалогія #пошукпредків #поискпредков #ahnenforschung #ukrainianancestry #родовід #родословная
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